Ndikosavuta kuti anthu amvetsetse mphamvu zogwira mtima, koma sikophweka kumvetsetsa mwakuya mphamvu zopanda mphamvu.Mu dera la sinusoidal, lingaliro la mphamvu yowonongeka likuwonekera bwino, koma pamaso pa ma harmonics, tanthawuzo la mphamvu yogwira ntchito silikudziwika bwino.Komabe, lingaliro la mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso kufunikira kwa chipukuta misozi yamphamvu ndizogwirizana.Mphamvu yogwira ntchito iyenera kukhala ndi chipukuta misozi yamphamvu yokhazikika komanso mphamvu ya harmonic.
Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndiyofunikira kwambiri pamakina operekera magetsi ndi ntchito yonyamula katundu.The impedance of power system network components makamaka inductive.Choncho, kuti mutumize mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kusiyana kwa gawo kumafunika pakati pa transmitter ndi receiver, yomwe ingathe kupezedwa mosiyanasiyana.Pofuna kupatsira mphamvu yogwira ntchito, pali kusiyana kwa chiwerengero pakati pa ma voliti kumbali zonse ziwiri, zomwe zingatheke pokhapokha pamtundu wopapatiza.Kuphatikiza pa zigawo zambiri za netiweki zomwe zimadya katundu wokhazikika, zolemetsa zambiri zimafunikiranso kudya zolemetsa.Mphamvu yogwira ntchito yofunikira ndi zigawo za netiweki ndi katundu ziyenera kupezeka penapake pamaneti.Mwachiwonekere, mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito zonsezi zimaperekedwa ndi majenereta, ndipo mayendedwe amtunda wautali ndi osayenera ndipo kawirikawiri zosatheka.Njira yabwino ndiyo kupanga mphamvu zogwirira ntchito pomwe mphamvu yogwira ntchito iyenera kudyedwa, yomwe ndi chipukuta misozi.
1. Tanthauzo la chipukuta misozi champhamvu
M'magawo ogawa mphamvu, kuti muwunikire mtundu wamagetsi, kufunikira kwa chipukuta misozi yamagetsi kumakhala ndi zinthu zitatu izi:
1. Pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zida za gridi ndikuwonjezera zida zotulutsa
Pansi pa chikhalidwe chakuti mphamvu yogwira ntchito sikusintha, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imawonjezeka ndipo mphamvu yogwira ntchito imachepanso.Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku formula S-√P2 + Q2 kuti mphamvu idzachepa.Mwachitsanzo, ngati gawo logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu likufuna mphamvu yamagetsi ya 200kW, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ndi 0.4, ingapezeke ku COSφ=P/S, S=P/cosφ=500kV.A, ndiko kuti, mphamvu ya thiransifoma yomwe imafuna 500kV.A ndi 0.8, imangofunika kukhazikitsa thiransifoma ya 250kV.A.Zitha kuwoneka kuti pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikuwonjezeka, mphamvu yofunikira ya zipangizo imatha kuchepetsedwa moyenerera.
2. Kaya voteji ndi mafupipafupi a malo amagetsi ali pafupi ndi nthawi zonse.
(A) Kaya mphamvuyo ili pafupi ndi 1.
(b) Mu dongosolo la magawo atatu, kaya mafunde a gawo ndi ma voltages a gawo ali oyenerera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochitira chipukuta misozi kuwongolera mphamvu yamagetsi sikungochepetsa kutayika kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwapano, komanso kuwongolera bwino ndikuwonjezera voteji ya ogwiritsa ntchito, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwachuma kwa zida zamagetsi.Chifukwa chake, kubwezeredwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu nthawi zonse kwakhala gawo lofunikira pakupanga magetsi ndi kugawa.
3. Pofuna kupulumutsa ndalama zamagetsi
Malingana ndi ndondomeko yamtengo wapatali wamagetsi m'dziko lathu, makasitomala omwe voliyumu yamagetsi awo amaposa 100kV.A (kW) adzasintha ndalama za magetsi, ndipo amalipira ndalamazo pamene ndalama zamagetsi ndizochepa kuposa mtengo wamba.Kulipiridwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwakweza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kuchuluka kwa mabilu amagetsi chifukwa chochepa mphamvu, ndikusunga ndalama zamagetsi.
4. Pofuna kuchepetsa chindapusa chamakampani opanga magetsi
Ndi kugogomezera kwambiri pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, makampani opanga magetsi pang'onopang'ono amawongolera kuwononga mphamvu kwa mabizinesi, kotero makampani opanga magetsi apereka chindapusa chochulukirachulukira m'makampani ena.Pofuna kuchepetsa chindapusa chamakampani opanga magetsi, makampani adayamba kusamutsa ma capacitor kuti alipire mphamvu zogwira ntchito., Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
5. Wonjezerani moyo wautumiki wa zida
Pankhani ya mtengo wopangira, kampaniyo imayenera kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwerengere mtengo wake ndikuzindikira phindu la pachaka la kampaniyo.Komabe, zida zambiri ziyenera kusiyidwa chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa zida ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka 3-5, gawo lalikulu lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yogwira ntchito.Zapamwamba, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ukalamba wa zida, kotero makampani ochulukirachulukira amayamba kulipira ma capacitor olipira kuti azitalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa zida.
Chachiwiri, udindo wa zotakasika mphamvu chipukuta misozi
Ntchito ya reactive power compensation cabinet ndikupereka mphamvu zoyankhulirana zofunikira molingana ndi zida zolipirira mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochitira chipukuta misozi.Malo opangira magetsi, sinthani mtundu wa gridi.
Kabati yolipirira mphamvu yokhazikika imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuperekera magetsi.Kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyenera cholipirira kungachepetse kutayika kwa gridi yamagetsi.M'malo mwake, kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kungayambitse zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga mphamvu zamagetsi, kusinthasintha kwamagetsi, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ma harmonic.
Kulipiritsa mphamvu zokhazikika ndikugwiritsa ntchito gwero lakunja lakunja kubweza mphamvu yokhazikika yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi katundu pakugwira ntchito.Chipangizo chomwe chimapereka gwero lamakonoli chimakhala chipangizo chobwezera mphamvu.Chida cholipirira wamba ndi chofanana champhamvu capacitor.
1. Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka magetsi ndi katundu wamagetsi, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zipangizo, ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu
2. Kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa magetsi ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zingathe kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale chitetezo.
3. Sungani magetsi, chepetsani ndalama zopangira, ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zamagetsi zamabizinesi.
4. Ikhoza kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mzere ndikuwongolera kufalitsa mphamvu zamagetsi.
5. Khazikitsani voteji ya mapeto olandira ndi gridi yamagetsi, ndikuwongolera ubwino wa magetsi.Kulipiritsa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwamphamvu Mphamvu yogwira ntchito pamalo oyenera a mzere wautali wapamtunda imatha kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika kwa njira yotumizira ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yotumizira.
6. Pankhani ya katundu wosagwirizana ndi magawo atatu monga njanji yamagetsi, katundu wogwira ntchito komanso wosagwira ntchito wa magawo atatuwa akhoza kukhala oyenerera ndi malipiro osayenera.
3. Mfundo yolipira chipukuta misozi
Lumikizani chipangizo ndi capacitive magetsi katundu ndi inductive magetsi katundu pa dera lomwelo, inductive katundu amatenga mphamvu pamene capacitive katundu amatulutsa mphamvu, ndi capacitive katundu zimatenga mphamvu pamene inductive katundu kutulutsa mphamvu, ndipo mphamvu amagawidwa pakati pa katundu awiri kusinthana pakati.Mwanjira iyi, mfundo yobwezera yokhazikika ndiyoti mphamvu yogwira ntchito yomwe imatengedwa ndi inductive katundu imalipidwa ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi katundu wa capacitive.
M'makina enieni amagetsi, katundu wambiri ndi ma asynchronous motors, ndipo gawo lofananira la zida zamagetsi zambiri kuphatikiza ma asynchronous motors amatha kuwonedwa ngati dera lomwe kukana r ndi inductance l zimalumikizidwa mndandanda, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi
Mu chilinganizo
Pambuyo polumikiza mabwalo a R ndi L mofanana ndikugwirizanitsa ndi capacitor C, dera likuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi (a) pansipa.Equation yamakono ya dera ili ndi:
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku chithunzi cha phasor mu chithunzi pansipa kuti kusiyana kwa gawo pakati pa voteji U ndi panopa I imakhala yaying'ono pambuyo poti capacitor ilumikizidwa mofanana, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ikuwonjezeka.Panthawiyi, gawo la magetsi omwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito panopa limatsalira kumbuyo kwa voteji U, yomwe imatchedwa undercompensation.
Dera ndi phasor chithunzi cha parallel capacitance compensation reactive mphamvu mu chithunzi
(a) mabwalo;
(b) Chithunzi cha phasor (chochepa);
(c) Chithunzi cha Phasor (kubweza)
Capacitance ya capacitor c ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo gawo la chakudya chamakono I kuposa voteji u, amene amatchedwa overcompensation, ndi phasor chithunzi chake chikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi (c).Nthawi zambiri, mkhalidwe wa overcompensation wosayenera umapangitsa kuti voteji yachiwiri ya thiransifoma iwuke, ndipo mphamvu ya capacitive reactive imawonjezera kutayika kwa mphamvu ngati chingwe chamagetsi chotumizira.Pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikukwera, kutaya mphamvu kwa capacitor palokha kudzawonjezekanso, ndipo kutentha kumawonjezeka., idzakhudza moyo wa capacitor.
4. N'chifukwa chiyani tifunika kuwonjezera chipukuta misozi champhamvu, ndipo chimabweretsa zotsatira zotani?
kuchuluka kwa zotakasika mphamvu chipukuta misozi kumawonjezeka pa mfundo inayake mu gululi mphamvu, ndi zotakasika mphamvu otaya onse mizere kulumikiza ndi thiransifoma kuchokera mfundo imeneyi kuti magetsi amachepetsa, ndi kutaya mphamvu kugwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi amachepetsa, kuzindikira kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi. kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.
Kulipiridwa kwa mphamvu zokhazikika kumafuna chipukuta misozi chapakati pazofanana ndi zachuma zomwe zili zosavomerezeka.Sankhani malo obwezera komanso mphamvu zolipirira.Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, makasitomala amatha kubweza chipukuta misozi molingana ndi mfundo yowongolera mphamvu.Kagawidwe ka chipukuta misozi kaŵirikaŵiri kumaganizira zofunikira za kayendetsedwe ka magetsi kuti zipangitse kuti kufalikira kwa mtunda wautali kukhala kosavomerezeka.Malipiro Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo kumakonzedwa molingana ndi mfundo ya "malipiro a mlingo, malire a m'deralo" kuti azindikire kuti pali katundu wosayenera.
Kulipiritsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri sikufuna kuchulukitsa, chifukwa kumawonjezera voteji yachiwiri ya thiransifoma, ndipo mphamvu yotumizira mphamvu yogwira ntchito pa chingwe chamagetsi idzawonjezeranso kutayika kwa mphamvu, ndiko kuti, zida zamagetsi zimasinthira mphamvu yogwira ntchito. grid.Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya gridi yamagetsi.The overvoltage chifukwa owonjezera kungachititse overvoltage kuwonongeka kwa gululi, choncho m'pofunika kukhazikitsa riyakitala kuyamwa zotakasika mphamvu.M'dongosolo lamagetsi, ngati silili bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi idzatsika, ndipo pazovuta kwambiri, zipangizo zidzawonongeka ndipo dongosolo lidzachotsedwa.Nthawi yomweyo, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya netiweki ndi voteji kumabweretsa kulephera kwa zida zamagetsi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yotumizira ma netiweki, komanso kutayika kwamphamvu.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi ogwirira ntchito, kukonza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuchepetsa kutayika kwadongosolo, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amagetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-13-2023