Pofuna kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ng'anjo yapakati, China yatengera ukadaulo wowongolera ma pulse rectifier, ndikupanga zida zingapo zapakatikati monga 6-pulse, 12-pulse, ndi 24-pulse intermediate frequency ng'anjo, koma chifukwa mtengo womalizawu ndi wokwera kwambiri, makampani ambiri opanga chitsulo akusungunulabe zida zachitsulo mu ng'anjo zapakati pa 6-pulse, ndipo vuto la kuipitsidwa kwachilengedwe kwapano silinganyalanyazidwe.Pakali pano, pali makamaka mitundu iwiri ya kasamalidwe ziwembu kwa pafupipafupi ng'anjo harmonics: mmodzi ndi kasamalidwe chiwembu cha mpumulo, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa njira kuchotsa mavuto panopa harmonic, ndi njira zodzitetezera kuteteza harmonics wapakatikati. ma frequency induction ng'anjo.Ngakhale njira yachiwiri imatha kuthana ndi vuto lomwe likuchulukirachulukira la kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe m'njira zambiri, chifukwa cha ng'anjo zapakatikati zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano, njira yoyamba yokha ndiyo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubweza ma harmonics.Pepalali likufotokoza mfundo ya ng'anjo ya IF ndi njira zake zowongolera, ndipo ikupereka fyuluta yamphamvu yogwira ntchito (APF) kuti ipereke malipiro ndi kuwongolera ma harmonics mu magawo osiyanasiyana a ng'anjo ya 6-pulse IF.
Mfundo yamagetsi ya ng'anjo yapakati pafupipafupi.
Mng'anjo yapakatikati ndi chida chotenthetsera chachitsulo chofulumira komanso chokhazikika, ndipo zida zake zazikulu ndimagetsi apakatikati.Mphamvu ya ng'anjo yapakatikati nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira ya AC-DC-AC, ndipo mphamvu yolowera ma frequency alternating pakali pano imachokera ngati yapakatikati yosinthira pakali pano, ndipo kusintha kwafupipafupi sikumachepa ndi kuchuluka kwa gridi yamagetsi.Chithunzi cha block block chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1:
Chithunzi 1, ntchito yayikulu ya gawo la inverter dera ndikusintha magawo atatu amalonda a AC pakalipano yamagetsi otumizira ndi kugawa kukhala AC yapano, kuphatikiza gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi otumizira ndi kugawa, kukonzanso mlatho. circuit, fyuluta dera ndi rectifier control circuit .Ntchito yayikulu ya gawo la inverter ndikusintha ma AC apano kukhala gawo limodzi laling'ono lapamwamba la AC (50 ~ 10000Hz), kuphatikiza inverter mphamvu yozungulira, kuyambika kwamagetsi, ndi gawo lamagetsi.Pomaliza, gawo limodzi la sing'anga-pafupipafupi kusinthasintha kwapano mu koyilo yolowera mu ng'anjo kumapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yapakatikati, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ng'anjoyo ipangitse mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, imapanga mphamvu yayikulu ya eddy pamoto, ndipo zimatenthetsa mphamvu kuti zisungunuke.
Harmonic Analysis
Ma harmonics omwe amabadwira mu gridi yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yapakati pafupipafupi amapezeka mu chipangizo chowongolera.Apa timatenga gawo lachitatu la magawo asanu ndi limodzi amphamvu yowongolera mlatho monga chitsanzo kuti tifufuze zomwe zili mu ma harmonics.Kunyalanyaza njira yonse yosinthira gawo ndi kugwedezeka kwaposachedwa kwa gawo la inverter ya thyristor yagawo la magawo atatu a unyolo wotulutsa mankhwala, poganiza kuti AC mbali reactance ndi ziro ndipo AC inductance alibe malire, pogwiritsa ntchito Fourier kusanthula njira, zoipa ndi zabwino theka. -Wave currents akhoza kukhala Pakatikati pa bwaloli amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zero point of time, ndipo chilinganizocho chimachokera kuwerengera mphamvu ya gawo la mbali ya AC.
Muchilinganizo: Id ndi mtengo wapakati wa DC mbali yapano ya rectifier circuit.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi kuti ng'anjo yapakati pa 6-pulse intermediate frequency, imatha kupanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha 5th, 7th, 1st, 13th, 17th, 19th ndi ma harmonics ena, omwe amatha kufotokozedwa mwachidule monga 6k ± 1 (k) ndi zabwino Integer) ma harmonics, mtengo wogwira ntchito wa harmonic iliyonse ndi yosiyana molingana ndi dongosolo la harmonic, ndipo chiŵerengero cha mtengo wapatali ndi wofanana ndi ndondomeko ya harmonic.
Wapakatikati pafupipafupi ng'anjo dera kapangidwe.
Malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana osungiramo magetsi a DC, ng'anjo zapakatikati zimatha kugawidwa m'mafuko apakati apakati komanso ma voliyumu amtundu wapakati.Mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu ya ng'anjo yamakono yapakatikati ndi inductor yaikulu, pamene mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu ya ng'anjo yamagetsi yamtundu wapakatikati ndi capacitor yaikulu.Pali kusiyana kwina pakati pa awiriwa, monga: ng'anjo yamakono yapakatikati yapakati imayang'aniridwa ndi thyristor, dera la resonance katundu ndilofanana, pamene ng'anjo yamagetsi yamtundu wapakati imayendetsedwa ndi IGBT, ndi dera la resonance katundu. mndandanda resonance.Mapangidwe ake oyambira akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2 ndi Chithunzi 3.
kubadwa kwa harmonic
Zomwe zimatchedwa kuti ma harmonics apamwamba zimatanthawuza zigawo zomwe zili pamwamba pa kuchuluka kwa ma frequency ofunikira omwe amapezeka mwa kuwola mndandanda wa periodic non-sinusoidal AC Fourier, womwe umatchedwa kuti ma harmonics apamwamba.Frequency (50Hz) Chigawo cha ma frequency omwewo.Kusokoneza kwa Harmonic ndi "vuto lalikulu" lomwe limakhudza mphamvu yamagetsi amakono.
Ma Harmonics amachepetsa kutumiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya wamagetsi, amapangitsa kuti zida zamagetsi zizitentha kwambiri, zimayambitsa kugwedezeka ndi phokoso, zimapangitsa kuti gawo lotsekera liwonongeke, limachepetsa moyo wautumiki, ndikuyambitsa zolakwika wamba komanso kupsinjika.Onjezani zomwe zili mu harmonic, kutentha zida zolipirira capacitor ndi zida zina.Ngati malipiro osavomerezeka sangagwiritsidwe ntchito, malipiro osavomerezeka adzaperekedwa ndipo ndalama zamagetsi zidzawonjezeka.Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kumayambitsa kusokoneza kwa zida zoteteza ma relay ndi maloboti anzeru, ndipo muyeso wolondola wa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu udzasokonezeka.Kunja kwa magetsi, ma harmonics amakhudza kwambiri zida zoyankhulirana ndi zinthu zamagetsi.The osakhalitsa overvoltage ndi zosakhalitsa overvoltage kuti kupanga harmonics adzawononga kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza wa makina ndi zipangizo, kuchititsa magawo atatu yaifupi dera zolakwa, ndi harmonic panopa ndi voteji a thiransifoma kuonongeka pang'ono kubala mndandanda resonance ndi kufanana resonance mu maukonde mphamvu anthu. , kuchititsa ngozi zazikulu zachitetezo.
Mng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yapakatikati ndi mtundu wamagetsi apakati pafupipafupi, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala ma frequency apakatikati kudzera mwatsatanetsatane ndi inverter, ndikupanga ma harmonic ambiri owopsa mu gridi yamagetsi.Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera mphamvu zama ng'anjo apakatikati kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza kwasayansi.
dongosolo la utsogoleri
Kuchuluka kwa ma data a ng'anjo zapakati pafupipafupi kwawonjezera kuyipitsa kwapano kwa gridi yamagetsi.Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka ma harmonic a ng'anjo zapakati pafupipafupi wakhala ntchito yofulumira, ndipo wakhala akuyamikiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri.Kuti zotsatira za harmonics kwaiye ndi pafupipafupi ng'anjo pa gululi gululi zikwaniritse zofunikira za magetsi ndi kugawa dongosolo zida zamalonda dziko, m'pofunika mwakhama kuchitapo kanthu kuthetsa kuipitsa harmonic.Njira zodzitetezera ndi izi.
Choyamba, transformer imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Y / Y / kugwirizana.M'ng'anjo yayikulu yapakati pafupipafupi, chosinthira chosaphulika chimagwiritsa ntchito njira ya waya ya Y/Y/△.Mwa kusintha mawaya njira ya ballast kulankhula ndi AC mbali thiransifoma, akhoza kuthetsa khalidwe mkulu-kuti zimachitika panopa kuti si mkulu.Koma mtengo wake ndi wokwera.
Chachiwiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya LC passive.Yaikulu dongosolo ndi ntchito capacitors ndi reactors mndandanda kupanga LC mndandanda mphete, amene ali ofanana mu dongosolo.Njirayi ndi yachikhalidwe ndipo imatha kubweza ma harmonics ndi katundu wokhazikika.Ili ndi dongosolo losavuta ndipo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Komabe, ntchito yamalipiro imakhudzidwa ndi kusokoneza kwa maukonde ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, ndipo ndikosavuta kuyambitsa kufanana ndi dongosolo.Itha kungolipira mafunde okhazikika pafupipafupi, ndipo chipukuta misozi sichabwino.
Chachitatu, pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yogwira ntchito ya APF, kuponderezana kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi njira yatsopano.APF ndi chipangizo chamakono cholipiritsa, chomwe chili ndi mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso kuyankha mofulumira kwambiri, chimatha kuyang'anira ndi kubwezera mafunde amtundu wafupipafupi ndi kusintha kwamphamvu, imakhala ndi machitidwe abwino amphamvu, ndipo ntchito yamalipiro sichidzakhudzidwa ndi khalidwe la impedance.Zotsatira za chipukuta misozi ndi zabwino, choncho zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Zosefera zogwira ntchito zimapangidwa kutengera kusefa kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo kusefa kwake ndikwabwino kwambiri.Mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zake zokhazikika, zosefera ndi 100%.
Zosefera mphamvu yogwira, ndiye kuti, fyuluta yamagetsi yogwira, APF yogwira mphamvu zosefera ndizosiyana ndi njira yolipirira yokhazikika yazosefera zachikhalidwe za LC, ndipo imazindikira kuwongolera kolondola, komwe kumatha kubweza ma harmonics ndi mphamvu zotakataka za kukula ndi pafupipafupi.Fyuluta yogwira ntchito ya APF ndi ya zida zamalipiro zamtundu wamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.Imayang'anira katundu wamakono mu nthawi yeniyeni molingana ndi chosinthira chakunja, imawerengera gawo lapamwamba la pulse panopa pakalipano malinga ndi DSP yamkati, ndipo imatulutsa chizindikiro cha deta ku inverter magetsi., Mphamvu ya inverter imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri amtundu wamtundu wofanana ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa harmonic panopa, ndipo m'mbuyo mwadongosolo la harmonic panopa amalowetsedwa mu gridi yamagetsi kuti asunge fyuluta yogwira ntchito.
Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya APF
Hongyan yogwira fyuluta detects katundu panopa mu nthawi yeniyeni kudzera kunja thiransifoma panopa CT, ndi amatulutsa harmonic chigawo chimodzi cha katundu panopa kudzera mkati DSP mawerengedwe, ndi kuwasintha kukhala chizindikiro ulamuliro mu digito chizindikiro purosesa.Pa nthawi yomweyo, digito chizindikiro purosesa amapanga mndandanda wa PWM kugunda m'lifupi kusinthasintha siginecha ndi kuwatumiza kwa mkati IGBT mphamvu gawo, kulamulira linanena bungwe gawo la inverter kukhala zosiyana ndi malangizo a katundu harmonic panopa, ndi panopa. ndi matalikidwe ofanana, mafunde awiri a harmonic amatsutsana ndendende.Offset, kuti mukwaniritse ntchito yosefera ma harmonics.
Zithunzi za APF
1. Gawo la magawo atatu
2. Kulipiritsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kupereka mphamvu
3. Ndi ntchito yochepetsera yokha, palibe kuchulukira komwe kudzachitika
4. Harmonic compensation, akhoza kusefa 2 ~ 50th harmonic panopa pa nthawi yomweyo
5. Kukonzekera kosavuta ndi kusankha, kumangofunika kuyeza kukula kwa harmonic panopa
6. Jakisoni wokhazikika wagawo limodzi, osakhudzidwa ndi kusalinganika kwadongosolo
7. Yankho pakusintha kusintha mkati mwa 40US, nthawi yonse yoyankha ndi 10ms (1/2 kuzungulira)
Sefa zotsatira
Mlingo wowongolera wa ma harmonic ndi wokwera mpaka 97%, ndipo mawonekedwe owongolera amtundu wamtundu wa 2 ~ 50 nthawi.
Njira yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika yosefera;
Njira yoyendetsera zosokoneza pamsika, ma frequency osinthira amakhala okwera kwambiri mpaka 20KHz, omwe amachepetsa kutayika kwa kusefa ndikuwongolera kwambiri kusefa komanso kulondola kotulutsa.Ndipo imapereka kusokoneza kosalekeza kwa grid system, zomwe sizikhudza kusokoneza dongosolo la gridi;ndipo mawonekedwe a waveform ndi olondola komanso opanda cholakwika, ndipo sizikhudza zida zina.
Kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe kwamphamvu
Yogwirizana ndi ma jenereta a dizilo, kupititsa patsogolo luso lachitetezo chamagetsi;
Kulekerera kwakukulu kwa kusinthasintha kwamagetsi ndi kusokoneza;
Chipangizo chodzitchinjiriza cha mphezi cha C-class, chimathandizira kupirira nyengo yoyipa;
Kutentha koyenera kozungulira kumakhala kolimba, mpaka -20°C ~70°C.
Mapulogalamu
Zida zazikulu za kampani ya foundry ndi ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yapakati.Ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yapakatikati ndi gwero lachilengedwe la harmonic, lomwe limapanga ma harmonics ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti capacitor yamalipiro isagwire ntchito moyenera.Kapena, kutentha kwa thiransifoma kumafika madigiri 75 m'chilimwe, kuchititsa kutaya mphamvu zamagetsi ndikufupikitsa moyo wake.
Malo oyambira ng'anjo yapakati pafupipafupi amayendetsedwa ndi voliyumu ya 0.4KV, ndipo katundu wake wamkulu ndi ng'anjo yapakatikati ya 6-pulse rectification.Zida zokonzanso zimapanga ma harmonics ambiri pamene akusintha AC kukhala DC panthawi ya ntchito, yomwe ndi gwero lodziwika bwino;mphamvu yamagetsi imalowetsedwa mu gridi yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi ya Harmonic imapangidwa pa grid impedance, kuchititsa kuti magetsi a gridi awonongeke komanso kusokonezeka kwamakono, kusokoneza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chitetezo cha ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwa kutayika kwa mizere ndi kutsika kwa magetsi, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa gridi ndi magetsi. zida zamagetsi za fakitale yokha.
1. Khalidwe harmonic kusanthula
1) Chipangizo chowongolera cha ng'anjo yapakati pafupipafupi ndi 6-pulse controllable rectification;
2) Ma harmonics opangidwa ndi rectifier ndi 6K + 1 odd harmonics.Mndandanda wa Fourier umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwola ndikusintha zomwe zilipo.Zitha kuwoneka kuti mawonekedwe omwe alipo tsopano ali ndi ma 6K ± 1 apamwamba kwambiri.Malinga ndi mayeso a ng'anjo yapakati pafupipafupi, ma harmonic Zomwe zikuchitika pano zikuwonetsedwa patebulo pansipa:
Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya ng'anjo yapakati pafupipafupi, ma harmonics ambiri amapangidwa.Malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso ndi mawerengedwe a ng'anjo yapakati pafupipafupi, ma harmonics amakhalidwe amakhala makamaka 5, ndipo 7, 11, ndi 13 mafunde a harmonic ndi akulu, ndipo kupotoza kwa voteji ndi komwe kuli kwakukulu.
2. Harmonic control scheme
Malinga ndi mkhalidwe weniweni wa ogwira ntchito, Hongyan Zamagetsi wapanga yathunthu sefa njira kulamulira harmonic wa ng'anjo wapakatikati pafupipafupi.Poganizira za katundu wamagetsi, zosowa za mayamwidwe a harmonic ndi ma harmonics akumbuyo, zida zosefera zogwira zimayikidwa pambali ya 0.4KV low-voltage ya chosinthira bizinesi.Ma Harmonics amalamulidwa.
3. Kusanthula zotsatira zosefera
1) Chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito fyuluta chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chimangoyang'ana kusintha kwa zida zosiyanasiyana za ng'anjo yapakatikati, kotero kuti harmonic iliyonse ikhoza kusefedwa bwino.Pewani kutopa chifukwa cha kufanana kwa banki ya capacitor ndi dera lozungulira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kabati yolipirira mphamvu yogwira ntchito bwino;
2) Mafunde a Harmonic asinthidwa bwino pambuyo pa chithandizo.Mafunde a 5, 7, ndi 11 omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito adapyola kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, 5th harmonic panopa akutsika kuchokera 312A pafupifupi 16A;7th harmonic panopa imatsika kuchokera ku 153A mpaka pafupifupi 11A;11 ya harmonic panopa imatsika kuchokera ku 101A mpaka pafupifupi 9A;Gwirizanani ndi muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB/T14549-93 “Power Quality Harmonics of Public Grid”;
3) Pambuyo pa kulamulira kwa harmonic, kutentha kwa thiransifoma kumachepetsedwa kuchokera ku madigiri 75 kufika ku 50, zomwe zimapulumutsa mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi, zimachepetsa kutayika kowonjezera kwa thiransifoma, kuchepetsa phokoso, kumawonjezera mphamvu ya thiransifoma, ndikuwonjezera moyo utumiki wa thiransifoma;
4) Pambuyo pa chithandizo, mphamvu yoperekera mphamvu ya ng'anjo yapakati pafupipafupi imasinthidwa bwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe amagetsi apakatikati kumasinthidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti dongosololi likhale lotetezeka komanso lachuma komanso kuwongolera kwanthawi yayitali. phindu pazachuma;
5) Kuchepetsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali womwe ukuyenda mumzere wogawa, kusintha mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikuchotsa ma harmonics omwe akuyenda pamzere wogawa, potero kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mzere, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chingwe chogawa, ndikuwongolera katundu. mphamvu ya mzere;
6) Kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kapena kukana kwa zida zowongolera ndi zida zodzitetezera, ndikuwongolera chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwamagetsi;
7) Kulipira kusalinganika kwa magawo atatu, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mkuwa kwa thiransifoma ndi mzere ndi kusalowerera ndale, ndikuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi;
8) Pambuyo pa APF yolumikizidwa, imathanso kuonjezera mphamvu ya thiransifoma ndi zingwe zogawa, zomwe ndizofanana ndi kukulitsa dongosolo ndikuchepetsa ndalama pakukulitsa dongosolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-13-2023